Amit Bhowmick, Praveen Kumar, Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen
Background: To assess the effectiveness of clinic-based vision therapy in adults with non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 at a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. Elec-tronic medical records of adults aged 30 years and above diagnosed with non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies, and who underwent a mini-mum of five sessions of clinic-based vision therapy (VT), were reviewed. Clinical parameters of vergence and accommodation were analyzed pre and post-therapy.
Results: A total of 44 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study, with a mean (SD) age of 36 (±6) years. The partic-ipants were categorized into two groups based on the completion of either five sessions (Group A) or ten sessions (Group B) of vision therapy (VT). The overall median (IQR) for near phoria was -4 (-8 to 0) PD, the near point of convergence break point was 8 (4 to 12) cm, fusional conver-gence amplitude for near was 25 (14 to 30) PD, and binocular accommo-dative facility and amplitude were 3 (0 to 6) cpm and 9 (7 to 10) D, respectively.
Conclusion: Clinic-based vision therapy is efficacious in managing non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies in adult
Alvarez, T. L., Vicci, V. R., Alkan, Y., Kim, E. H., Gohel, S., Barrett, A. M., Chiaravalloti, N., & Biswal, B. B. (2010). Vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency: clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 87(12), E985–E1002. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181fef1aa
Alvarez, T. L., Scheiman, M., Santos, E. M., Morales, C., Yaramothu, C., d’Antonio-Bertagnolli, J. V., Gohel, S., Biswal, B. B., & Li, X. (2019). Clinical and Functional Imaging Changes Induced from Vision Therapy in Patients with Convergence Insufficiency. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference, 2019, 104–109. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857163
Alvarez, T. L., Scheiman, M., Santos, E. M., Yaramothu, C., & d’Antonio-Bertagnolli, J. V. (2020). Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-mechanism in Adult Population Study Randomized Clinical Trial: Clinical Outcome Results. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 97(12), 1061–1069. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001606
Barnhardt, C., Cotter, S. A., Mitchell, G. L., Scheiman, M., Kulp, M. T., & CITT Study Group (2012). Symptoms in children with convergence insufficiency: before and after treatment. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 89(10), 1512–1520. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e318269c8f9
Birnbaum, M. H., Soden, R., & Cohen, A. H. (1999). Efficacy of vision therapy for convergence insufficiency in an adult male population. Journal of the American Optometric Association, 70(4), 225–232.
Borsting, E. J., Rouse, M. W., Mitchell, G. L., Scheiman, M., Cotter, S. A., Cooper, J., Kulp, M. T., London, R., & Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group (2003). Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in children aged 9 to 18 years. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 80(12), 832–838. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200312000-00014
Cacho-Martínez, P., García-Muñoz, Á., & Ruiz-Cantero, M. T. (2014). Is there any evidence for the validity of diagnostic criteria used for accommodative and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions?. Journal of optometry, 7(1), 2–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2013.01.004
Conrad, J. S., Mitchell, G. L., & Kulp, M. T. (2017). Vision Therapy for Binocular Dysfunction Post Brain Injury. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 94(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000000937
Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group (2008). Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill.: 1960), 126(10), 1336–1349. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.126.10.1336
Hussaindeen, J. R., Rakshit, A., Singh, N. K., George, R., Swaminathan, M., Kapur, S., Scheiman, M., & Ramani, K. K. (2017). Prevalence of non-strabismic anomalies of binocular vision in Tamil Nadu: report 2 of BAND study. Clinical & experimental optometry, 100(6), 642–648. https://doi.org/10.1111/cxo.12496
Hussaindeen, J. R., & Murali, A. (2020). Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options. Clinical optometry, 12, 135–149. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S224216
Jang, J. U., Jang, J. Y., Tai-Hyung, K., & Moon, H. W. (2017). Effectiveness of Vision Therapy in School Children with Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency. Journal of ophthalmic & vision research, 12(2), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.4103/jovr.jovr_249_15
Kumar P, P., Bhowmick, A., Mahabale, N., Hussaindeen, J. R., & Ratra, D. (2022). Diagnosis and Management of Post Traumatic Recurrent Unilateral Accommodative Spasm-A Case Report. Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility, 72(3), 151–155.
Leat, S. J., Chan, L. L., Maharaj, P. D., Hrynchak, P. K., Mittelstaedt, A., Machan, C. M., & Irving, E. L. (2013). Binocular vision and eye movement disorders in older adults. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 54(5), 3798–3805. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.12-11582
Pejic, Z., Wong, W., Husain, R., Ling, Y., & Farzavandi, S. (2006). Fusion exercises for treatment of intermittent exotropia and phoria. The American orthoptic journal, 56, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.56.1.138
Rouse, M. W., Borsting, E. J., Mitchell, G. L., Scheiman, M., Cotter, S. A., Cooper, J., Kulp, M. T., London, R., Wensveen, J., & Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Group (2004). Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults. Ophthalmic & physiological optics: the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 24(5), 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004.00202.x
Scheiman, M., Mitchell, G. L., Cotter, S., Kulp, M. T., Cooper, J., Rouse, M., Borsting, E., London, R., & Wensveen, J. (2005). A randomized clinical trial of vision therapy/orthoptics versus pencil pushups for the treatment of convergence insufficiency in young adults. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 82(7), 583–595. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.opx.0000171331.36871.2f
Scheiman, M., Mitchell, G. L., Cotter, S., Cooper, J., Kulp, M., Rouse, M., Borsting, E., London, R., Wensveen, J., & Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study Group (2005). A randomized clinical trial of treatments for convergence insufficiency in children. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill: 1960), 123(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.123.1.14
Scheiman M, Wick B (2014). 4th ed. Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative and Eye Movement Disorders. (pp 1-24; 65-71.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
| Periodicity | Biannually |
| Issue-1 | October |
| Issue-2 | April |
| ISSN Print | 2393-8536 |
| ISSN Online | 2393-8544 |
| RNI No. | CHAENG/2014/57978 |
Publisher's policy of the journal at Sherpa UK for the submitted, accepted, and published articles. Click OAPolicy
Plan-S ComplianceTo check compliance, one has to use the Journal Check Tool (JCT). This tool provided by cOAlition S (European funders) for the researchers (fundee) to check the compliance with the journal.
Recommend journal to your libraryYou can recommend the journal being a researcher or faculty member to your library. We will post a copy of the Journal to your library on your behalf at free of cost.
Click here: Recommend Journal
The authors are encouraged to submit the author’s copy (preprint) to appropriate preprint archives e.g. https://arxiv.org and/or on https://indiarxiv.org or institutional repositories (e.g., D Space) before paper acceptance by the editor of Journal. After publications of the paper author(s) should mention the citation information, title and abstract along with DOI number of the publication carefully on the required page of the depository(ies).
Contact:Phone: +91-172-2741000, +91-172-4691800
Email : editor.jmrh@chitkara.edu.in
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Articles in Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare by Chitkara University Publications are Open Access articles that are published with licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- CC-BY 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://jmrh.chitkara.edu.in/. This license permits one to use, remix, tweak and reproduction in any medium, even commercially provided one give credit for the original creation.
View Legal Code of the above-mentioned license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
View Licence Deed here https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare by Chitkara University Publications is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://jmrh.chitkara.edu.in/
Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Punjab 140 401
Chandigarh Information Center SCO 160-161, Sector 9-C, Chandigarh 160 009
